The pension reform of 1999 was to adapt the system to changing demographic trend. Politicians saw that Polish society is beginning to age at an alarming rate. Until recently, for one pensioner worked five people. Now, only four people, and in 2040 years for each pensioner will work just two people.
The debate before the reform was carried out from the early 90′s because the state was struggling with a heavy load for the expenditure budget allocated to the system retirement. Within a few years clashing with each other a plurality of concepts.
The final shape of the pension reform involved complement existing methods of financing pensions form the three pillars of retirement – the first based on the Social Security Fund, the other based on the Open Pension Funds (OFE), and a third based on IKE IKZE and PPE. At first the pension reform would lead to the creation of a system of universal, that is, combining all the professional groups already benefiting from the various privileges in separate pension systems. After 2000, the government restored the SLD and PSL previous exclusion among in relation to the armed forces, then the miners and the judges and prosecutors. Of late liquidated as bridging pensions. At the end of last year, the government decided to transfer the money collected in the OPF to ZUS.
The first pension in accordance with the new system to calculate them have been paid in 2009. By 2013, the combined force payment of the pension system. It was only in 2015. All insured who reach this year, the standard retirement age, will receive a pension calculated according to target the new retirement system. The first summary of the reform was tempted to Parliamentary Research Office.
One of the basic assumptions of the pension reform was the delay of professional activity of Poles. Under the new system for calculating pensions and the lack of the base amount, in the interests of working is as long as possible to remain in the labor market. According to the BAS, in the period managed to achieve this goal only for women (from 56.2 years in 2008. To 59.3 years in 2013.). In addition, women who have retired under the old pension system legitymowały increasingly higher seniority (2008. – 32.9 years in 2013. – 36.4 years). For men, there was a decrease in the average retirement age of 61.1 years in 2008. To 59.7 years in 2013. And a reduction in the average length of 40.6 years in 2008. To 32.8 years in 2013. because they benefited massively from the remaining capacity to collect retirement benefits before reaching the statutory retirement age under the old and new pension system.
– The data from the years 2009-2013 do not allow for conclusions regarding the impact of the reform on the age of the transition to retired men because most men – new retirees in this period, it is using the old system, mostly miners. It would be useful to look at these statistics with the exception of the miners. Remember that the average age of retirement in Silesia is 57 years – said Dr. Anna Ruzik-Sierdzińska, Lecturer School of Economics.
Retirement miners also affect the amount received pensions blackout. The statistics showed that 30 per cent. retirees receive benefits in excess of 3000 gold. Meanwhile, in line with the objectives of the reform, the consequence of changes in a significant reduction in retirement benefits, especially for women, eg in 2013. Pension of 1800 zł and below received 88.3% of women and only 5% of men.
– The new pension system, the lack of the requirement to have a minimum period of insurance means that a much larger percentage of the insured is entitled to a pension, and thus the higher the number below the lowest guaranteed retirement pension. Anyone who has paid premiums, regardless of their amount, may in the future acquire the status of pensioner. In the old pension system, people with experience of 15 years did not receive pensions. The problem of the introduction of a minimum length of service or the minimum amount on the account of the FUS should be re-considered – says Bozena Ear, the author analyzes the Parliamentary Research Bureau.
In the new system, the percentage of pensions to 900 zł received by women in 2013. Amounted to 36.1 per cent., And in the old 5.4 per cent .. The high pensions from the new system in 2013. Earned only 1 percent. women, and old, this has been more than 25% of women. Most pensions of women housed in the new system in the range of 1001-1600 zł (38.4% in 2013.), And the old system systematically moved to the top compartments to reach 40.4% in 2013.
In the new system, the higher the percentage of pensions low (up to 800 zł) – more than 15%, while the old system of such pensions was only 4.4% in 2011. to 1.8% in 2013.
• a much higher percentage of low pensions among women than men, for example. in 2013. pension to 900 zł received 30.4% of women and only 1.5% of men;
• Significantly lower high percentage of retirement among women than men, for example. in 2013.
retire over 3500 zł received 5.4% of women and 29.6 %% of men;
• the highest percentage of women fetch pension of 1001- 1600 zł (2013. 32.4%), and among men over 3001 zł (41.5% in 2013.).
– The analysis confirms that the need is to ZUS presented more detailed reports on the structure of the lowest pensions. Especially when the new system, the amount of benefit is closely dependent on the contributions recorded in the individual insurance account. Risk of low retirement because increases in the case of people who in their careers have frequent episodes of unemployment, with a break in the performance of paid work (eg. Associated with raising children), etc. It also appears that even one year more seniority and the subsequent transition to retirement can significantly increase performance. The new system also shows how important it is as soon as possible accumulation of pension contributions. This applies especially to young people entering the labor market, and they are not always aware of this issue – says Dr. Anna Ruzik-Sierdzińska.
– The transition from the “old” to the new system is a gradual decrease in the severity of the benefits and will be more widely recognized by people who will retire in the coming years. What is needed is educational work with the government on the need to protect the pensions of people supported by the financial market in the best interest of citizens and the state. Presentation of data from the forecast financial situation of the pension fund presented recently in ZUS – paradoxically shows that no matter what changes are introduced in the system – in the long term – it is quite neutral meaning. Are crucial for the effects of demographic transition and the way to work and the level of unemployment. It is important, however, remain in the realm of work and not escape into the realm of benefits. The so-called. replacement rate to decline, there is still a minimum benefits. Yet you did not take action for the effective development of the t hird pillar, eg. Do include Czech Republic or Britain. Swallow hope is the active role of the Minister of Labour and Social Policy, disclosed in the review of the pension. Will be an important impetus to the implementation of legislative changes in the third pillar, where the catalog was prepared with the participation of the EPP-forming environment, IKE and IKZE. Time for a change. As the key to solve the problems in the pension system in the coming years (until 2019), I believe more secure minimum pension, the progressive abolition and extinction in the so-called pension privileges. employee system and increase the tendency of society to save for old age pension – concludes Dr. Wojciech Nagel chairman of the Committee. Strategic Supervisory Board of the Social Insurance Institution.
The third aim of the reform was to reduce the burden on the budget and improve your financial situation. Already in 2010, the Civil Development Forum analysis showed that this goal will not be achieved. – Savings for the public finance sector not to be found in the change of the structure of the pension system, but in reforms that permanently reduce the growth of public expenditure. It was too fast compared to the rate of growth of the economy, increasing public spending, rather than the introduction of the pension reform is the main reason for the large deficit in the public finances in Poland – the report says pension reform and public finances in Poland.
No comments:
Post a Comment