No it is not a free lunch – so say economists. However, it is the restaurant where the employer can dress, cram will and did not pay the bill. It’s a free market work. Staying with the catering comparisons, the cafeteria can be called “Cottage”, but not “rural” or “Old Polish”, but rather “Chata Uncle Tom”. Because the dishes served in this particular categories of workers, but rather a modern slaves who provide services for free or for a wage so low that it does not meet the basic necessities of life.
Menu in the tabernacle always growing. Not only includes traditional specialties, or unskilled, employed in black, which for the buck will provide easy work. There is also a young doctor or lawyer who wants to gain the right to exercise the profession dream, a foreigner from the East, for which the pay is property of Poland, during the winning student teaching experience or elderly person that many endure to keep time for the goal of retirement.
These are just examples. There is a very high probability that you too, dear reader, you are one of the dishes. Just, you answered the question: whether, but rather how often you are doing something for which you get no pay – are working in unrecorded overtime, taking work home, receive corporate e-mails and phone calls after hours, doing the wife, husband and friends on matters of your duties? Free employment nourished because changes in the labor market – ever greater specialization, which requires constant awareness and experience with modern technologies that enable you to work 24 hours a day, marginalization of labor contracts, which are being replaced by self-employment or civil contracts. Will not be easy to anyone escape it.
The gain experience
The easiest way to get free labor are unpaid internships and practice. A survey conducted by the portal Inclick.pl shows that 52 per cent. Polish students took at least one such internship, and 84 per cent. considers that the lack of remuneration in such cases is a common phenomenon. Moreover, some Polish employers not only do not pay interns, but it happens that demand from them to pay for the opportunity to acquire a prestigious company cuts (such paid internships offered including TVN).
The European Commission report shows that across the European Union takes 46 percent internships. persons aged 18-35 years (study was conducted on a group of 12,9 thous. people). Six out of ten respondents who thus gained professional experience, did not receive any remuneration in this respect. In addition, less than half of those paid earned an amount which was sufficient to cover the basic necessities of life (46 percent.). At the same time Poland is a leader in the field of EU statement inefficiency internships – as much as 43 percent. Poles surveyed felt that they did not help them to find a job (at the other extreme are Ireland and Romania – in these countries, 85 per cent. of respondents confirmed that the practice easier to get time).
– Such an assessment of Polish respondents is not surprising. From the signals that we have received, that in Poland there are widespread cases of adoption of a three-month internship, during which trainees have to carry out cleaning or reconstructive – photocopy documents, file it, destroy. After this time, dispensed with such a person employs another for the next three months. In this way, companies gain free labor, it is true for simple jobs, but those, which, however, one has to perform – explains Piotr Friday with the support of the Great Tomorrow Foundation, organizer of the campaign “Do not do it for free”, which was to bring the issue of quality and Conditions hiring for internships. Stresses that often companies are not prepared to conduct practices. It is estimated that only approx. 5 percent. of them were created plans for internships. – Rarely, they also offer outstanding people employed at the end of practice, although such a promise is a guarantee of the influx of the best candidates – he added.
The problem with the present phenomenon is also the fact that the principles of internships at the open market are not standardized. The regulations apply only to those offered through the employment office or graduate internships. Companies offering practice alone does not have to apply those standards. Function only sets of best practices, such as. Polish Quality Framework for Traineeships and practices developed and promoted by the Polish Association for Human Resources Management. Their use depends on the good will of employers. And this is often missing.
– Surely it must be emphasized in the educational role of seniority rules and ensure the introduction of control over its implementation. The period of its implementation should be included in the 36-month limit on time employment (including trial period), which involves the introduction of a government draft amendment of the Labour Code – says Barbara Surdykowska expert “Solidarity”.
According to Peter Five interns from the point of view it is necessary to normalize three issues: the need to conclude an agreement with the trainee setting out the principles of cooperation, issue certificates or certificates of apprenticeship and their duration. – Free practice should last up to a month. The three-month internship to prepare for the occupation should be used only once within the same profession, ie. The company would not be able to take back to the training of the person who has a practice in a specific post to classify – he added.
In order to be entitled
But this is mistaken who thinks that the problem is a job for free only for people who have just finished studying or unattractive directions. The best example is the two professional groups that are considered to be prestigious and financial guarantee success: doctors and lawyers. Not everyone is aware of the fact that before obtained permission to perform this profession, you have to work without pay. Sometimes a very long time.
– Free work for three years. And I will work for another three and a half years. Nobody pays for my daily work in the hospital from 8 to 15. In order to be able to keep, I have to take pay duty at the clinic after normal business hours – says Philip Dabrowski, doctor, Chairman of the Committee. Young doctors Supreme Medical Council.
In this situation, there are many more young physicians, and more, all those who are doing specialization, but did not get into a residency funded by the state (specialization is not mandatory, but without it, it is difficult to employment). Those who did not have luck, have signed agreements with medical voluntary service. So after six years of hard study and do an internship year specialization, working for several years for charity. Only in the province. Warmia and Mazury 142 volunteer doctors in Opole – 32.
– We dyplomowanymi doctors perform normal medical services, and to be able to work for free, they still have to pay yourself liability insurance Civil, which costs a thousand dollars a year – says Dabrowski. Stresses that despite repeated signals to the Ministry of Health of the solution to the problem and start talks on the matter the situation of young physicians still does not change. – This is so because it is clear that if we are keen on making expertise, it would agree to free residency. And the last – depending on the chosen specialization – from four to six and a half years – he added.
The situation is similar for young lawyers. They, in turn, after graduation, must include the application to gain the right to practice as a lawyer or solicitor. In its course are required to gain experience (the applicant must have a patron, or such. Lawyer with whom the professional touches wins). I end up as cheap labor. Last month, a sensation in aplikanckim environment – in a negative sense – recruitment advertisement made one of Warsaw’s Office posted on the Gumtree website. It reads as follows: “The Apprentice advocate for training and education. The first six months without pay. Next 500 zł, II year 1 thous., III year 1.5 thousand. Five days a week, eight hours. The possibility of patronage. Law Firm at the highest level. ” As you can see, some lawyers do not even hide that they are committed to obtaining cheap and sometimes even free labor.
– Trainees are many, and few patrons. It so happens that one of the latter uses this situation to obtain unpaid work. It depends on, what is human. We should also remember that there are firms that are very well prepare trainees to practice and do not save them – explains Dr. Witold Klaus, president of the Association of Legal Intervention.
The hustla
Among the working masses for free or unworthy conditions of the most vulnerable people are still deceived by unscrupulous companies. This is no small group, as and how to secure a free labor force is a good deal. To these must be the most commonly used test of informal employment. The employer promises a contract, if a person check in work. So it has to work for some time for an informal trial period. Then it turns out that the employment is not suitable and the company of her thanks. A free time worked is pure profit employers.
– Of course, employed in this way can go to court. But usually he knows that he will have problems with the evidence, because it is not signed the agreement, and to obtain the testimony of witnesses in such cases is difficult. Until that takes into account the costs that would be incurred in connection with the case before the court – explains Anna Majerek, a spokesman for the District Labour Inspectorate (OIP) in Krakow. Data from the National Labour Inspectorate shows that such cases occur frequently in the commercial and services sector. – In the summer it is often the practice in the catering industry. The employer proposes to work at the kitchen sink or the back for a day or two, and promises that if a person comes true, it shall determine the remuneration and sign an agreement. In this way a free job gains in the period of peak demand – indicates Anna Majerek.
Another way to circumvent the law is well-known syndrome of the first day’s wages. Under the provisions of the company must confirm the conclusion of the employment contract in writing no later than the date of accession person employed to perform the duties. Companies do not, and if the control PIP claim that a particular subordinate at work the first day. Up to this point employed carries out his work on black – without paying premiums, to ensure the minimum wage, paid holidays, etc. For example, during the inspection only in one of Szczecin cleaning companies, labor inspectors revealed that without proof of a written contract employed 70 people in it. In turn, the service company for four months Łańcuta avoided in this way contract with the employee (employer informed her that if control of the PIP is to say that the first working day). Subordinate decided to disclose the matter only if the company had an accident (not withdrawn her contribution, so she had to cover the cost of your treatment).
– Such pathologies could put an end to a simple change of rules . Suffice to Labour Code stipulated that the conclusion is confirmed in writing before being allowed to provide duties. This approach provided a parliamentary draft amendment to the Labour Code, which, however, was not supported by the ruling coalition – Barbara Surdykowska points.
The easiest way for labor exploitation, however, failure to pay wages or delay. Just last year, the inspectorate has detected 83 thousand. such cases. The total amount owed wages amounted to 171 million zł (102 million already enforced). In such situations, employers usually do not avoid having to pay wages, but by his late gain measures, which in practice may crediting their business. Sometimes they do it on purpose. Proved by the example of companies from the food industry of the province. Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn OIP which in October 2014. – February 2015. controlled four times. Every time checks showed that the employer has not paid salaries for several months, people close to retirement. Those younger receive payments on a regular basis, because the president of the company feared that if they leave the job up. The elderly would be more difficult to find a new time, so their salaries do not shed. Particularly glaring was the case with one of the workers, which in February 2015. Retired. President of did not pay her salary for up to six months, even though he knew it to be a single person, and there are no other sources of income.
The use of exposed workers are also foreigners. In 2013. Temporary residence in Poland reported almost 30 thousand. foreigners. It is estimated that illegal immigrants is much more (according to experts, can be from 50 thousand. Up to even 450 thousand. People). No one quite knows, therefore, how many foreigners working in Poland, and indeed how often perform duties for free. From time to time the media report that eg. To Podlasie countryside Filipinki gathered 100 kg of mushrooms after day, without breaks and days off, for 360 zł per month, and the employer pays Mazovia Ukrainkom hunger rates for the sale of fruit and flowers for local markets. – The scale of the use of foreigners by employers is difficult to estimate, but it seems that this is not a rare phenomenon. Most often, it is not a lack of payment of wages, but the suppression of predetermined rates or their behavior at the same level, while extending the working time – explains Witold Klaus.
This is confirmed by the PIP data. During the control of the construction of the province. Silesian found that the employer has delegated the work of 40 foreigners under conditions other than those specified in the remuneration of the work permit. The total difference between the salaries established in permits and those actually paid amounted to almost 283 thousand. zł. Moreover, the employer has delegated work 12 foreigners without concluding a written contract with them, 19 foreigners not reported to social security, and 97 reported untimely.
– At the same time fight for their rights for foreigners is difficult, because they have less access to knowledge, legislation, and often do not stay in Poland for so long to be able to wait for the completion of the proceedings. In addition, the purpose of their arrival is earning, so any other activity that may result in additive costs, they have no sense. They prefer not to waste time on it. Waved his hand on the outstanding salary and seek a new employer – Dr. Witold Klaus said.
The good heart
The way to free the work can also be volunteering . Not only the already mentioned earlier, in practice, physicians are forced to provide services volunteered, if you want to gain professional qualifications. Some people have to sign such an agreement, so that I can make. This cost-effective way to work applied eg. One of the tourist destinations in the Polish Tatras. Formally employed by the waiters are volunteers. Informally get money, from which it does not pay to the tax and social security contributions.
It is difficult to talk about the actual use of volunteers, or people who really want to work for charity. Yet no one is forcing this. If you decide to support a specific associations and foundations, and then it turns out that, in practice, this institution benefited from the work of their volunteers free of charge, can only be angry with myself for not thoroughly tested principles of functioning of an individual entity.
– You really can not restrict the right to perform some charity work, social activity prohibit citizens. On the other hand, can not be allowed to serve circumvention volunteer work, or even – as in the case of doctors – was used to fill the structural gap, ie the absence of some other, alternative basis on which to recruit trainee doctors – says Barbara Surdykowska. Stresses that if the main trends in the labor market will continue to be willing to maintain the highest level of employment (even at the expense of the quality) and the desire to introduce flexible working conditions, with no guarantee of its stability, the free zone will continue to work to expand and include more and more new groups people.
This is actually already happening. Fewer and fewer people perform the duties of the hour. 7 hours. 15, under the direction of one person every day for the same job, for less and less jobs in the manufacturing sector. Growing while employment in services. And in this sector work is more conceptual in nature, requires greater availability, you can provide not only in the office, but also, for example. At home, using laptop or smartphone official. More and more people are working so prescribed for more than 40 hours per week. With CBOS survey shows that 34 percent. Poles also perform the duties of employees at home without additional compensation, and one in four happened to stay at work after hours, despite the fact that the company is not signaled such a need. As many as 59 per cent. of those who have ever worked, and declared that they had come voluntarily and free of charge to perform tasks which do not belong to their responsibilities.
– Blurs the line between work and leisure. I’m not saying that this trend can be reversed, but one should be aware of the impact that it has on our lives. For example, a freelancer who wants to get an order for a service, you must look for clients, prepare an offer, send it to the company. If you fail to anyone interested, it will do all this work for nothing and for free – explains Barbara Surdykowska.
In keeping with the gastronomic comparisons, so you can remind companies that the employee is a favorite candy – you can either have and enjoy the very fact that a well perform the duties for which they are fairly rewarded, or eat weakling with no resistance using that is weaker, losing the benefits of good work. In the long run, this second method is usually reflected hiccups.
How often do you do something that they do not get paid for – work in unrecorded overtime, taking work home, receive corporate e-mails and phones after hours, doing a wife, husband, friends in matters of your duties?
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