The scale of pensions below the minimum (they are entitled to access to appropriate seniority) is growing at an alarming rate. Data that confirm this are merciless: from 2011. The number of allowances lower than the minimum increased from 23 thousand. to more than 76 thousand. The increase exceeded so 200 percent.
Why the jump? The group of pensioners have joined those who embraced new, introduced in the late 90s system. In it, the growing group of those who neither put down an appropriate amount, or do not have adequate seniority to get the minimum benefit (today is approx. 880 zł per month). This state of affairs is the result introduced in 1999. Principle that each premium paid must be the retirement benefit calculated. And regardless of seniority. – This is so even if someone paid one or two contributions. From here take the pension at 24 cents – explains Alexander Wiktorow, financial spokesperson and former president of the Social Insurance Institution.
The situation of today’s poorest seniors is so favorable that in the previous system, some of them do not qualify to receive any benefits, even groszowego: in force since the requirement of 15-year-old seniority of women and 20-year-old men. In this group, which goes minimum pensions and lower, it is very diverse. This includes both affluent people who do not odprowadzały social insurance premiums, for example. Worked abroad, but also such that a large part of life or not at all were economically active, or worked in black.
The problem of poor age relates primarily to women. Data show ZUS, it’s not for 95 percent. minimum benefits and those below the level guaranteed by law. Why? The answer is simple: statistically live longer than men. As a result of starvation pensions may force them to seek support from the nearest or recourse to social assistance.
The reform of 1999. Was to mobilize activity and payment of social security contributions. Data showing the displacement of minimum pensions by even lower prove, however, that did not happen. What about the government? An opportunity to address the problem of the ongoing review of the pension system.
The problem of poor old age relates primarily to women
If you compare the number of bare minimum pensions, which are paid without any additives, with those lower than the minimum, we’ll see how to hand, that the former are replaced by the latter.
As for the minimum pension, is from 2012. there has been a decrease of 36 per cent. to 79.9 thousand. While the number of people downloading service lower than the minimum, virtually equated with them. Last year, there were 76.3 thousand.
This year, probably people receiving benefits less than the minimum will be no more than those who get the minimum pension (excluding supplements). Between 2012 and 2014. Number of benefits below the minimum increase by 12-13 thousand. annually. However, in the last year, growth has already exceeded 15 thousand. If this will be similar to those getting providing “minimum minus” will be more than 90 thousand.
First, get information
On the question of what to do with this phenomenon, experts reply that you first need to gain detailed knowledge about it.
the biggest problem with growing number of pensions below the minimum lies in the fact that they do not know, who are receiving these people, and for how many of them even low benefit is an important source of income.
what we can say with certainty about such poor retirees that active working life briefly escorted contributions (a problem with the people who took over the pension reform of 1999.). In this group may be the Poles, who worked briefly in the country and went abroad. This may also apply to foreigners who have had an episode of work in Poland.
– It could also be people working for years on contract work, of which there is discharged contribution. Therefore, they were not able to work out an appropriate placement. They could also happen pathological situations, the employer used the determination of a person who needed any work, not to pay for her contribution – remarks Andrew Quick with the Social Insurance.
The latter situation may affect especially women. And they are the overwhelming majority of retirees, the Social Insurance Institution pays a pension lower than the minimum. – This is a worrying phenomenon may signal the exploitation of women who agree to work on the black, because the more important for them than the premium income – Quick notes. Example scenario: before the birth of two or three children, his mother had a short work experience, then dealt with their upbringing, and when he tried to return to the labor market, it was employed in black.
– ZUS should perform a thorough understanding of who these people are and why their benefits are so low. If someone worked a month, a year or even five years, the question arises whether he pay extra to the minimum pensions. Probably not – says Alexander Wiktorow, financial spokesperson and former president of the Social Insurance Institution.
Except that the plant can respond, in principle, only to questions about how much was drained contribution from which titles and whether pension is paid in Poland or abroad. But it does not have relevant information about the assets and income of the pensioner, which can be especially important in the case of people working on contracts for work. Often, this type of contract was an escape from paying tribute to the really big income.
On the other hand, the government, specifically the Ministry of family, work and social policy, there is no information about how many of these pensioners in receipt of benefits of social assistance, which would show that they have no other means of support. Therefore, it is important that the government attempted to investigate who are the people receiving pensions below the minimum.
argument against reduction
To eliminate this dangerous trend – a reduction of benefits below the minimum – experts suggest oskładkowanie different types of contracts. It’s a way to ensure that working to have the slightest problem with the elaboration of seniority pension. It’s about maintaining the basic principle of the system, that benefit is derived from the professional activity. Various gaps that existed up to now – from legal after a weak determination administration to combat the pathology of non-payment of premiums – reinforce bad tendencies.
– For years, we say that the study, if employers pay contributions from all contracts should be a priority of the State Labour Inspectorate. For bypassing the law should be severely punished. There was a moment when the general was urging employees to self-employment. So people worked on construction sites, and even teachers. But managed to limit this phenomenon – emphasizes Alexander Wiktorow. PIP has already this year start to closely be watching oskładkowaniu contracts.
Increasing contribution is to serve as the introduction of a single tribute, which the government plans since 2018. As of all types of contracts to be drained pension contribution, it is sometimes part of the problem should be solved: every working – if not employed in black – will have contributions deducted.
data on the number of people receiving the lowest benefits are also important in the discussion on the reduction of the retirement age. They argue that we should not decide on such a move. And if you decide on this move, it is worth to combine the age of seniority, to minimize the number of people who do not work out a minimum pension.
This step important for people who are still on the labor market and have a chance to work out a suitable internship.
and what about those who are already retired?
those whose situation financial is bad, they can rely on social assistance benefits.
– the problem can be reduced if we introduced a minimum length of entitlement to the pension. We will think about it and consider the introduction of such a solution in the revision of the pension – noted Deputy Minister of family, work and social policy Marcin Zieleniecka.
In this case, people who have not developed the minimum length of service, not would receive pensions and social insurance would pay the accumulated funds in the form of a one-off. – In some countries, eg. In Germany, the amount of the premium for a few years or months are paid once. Then we do not pretend that we pay retirement and the costs for institutions are lower – Andrzej Quick notes. In this case, we should also address the issue of health insurance and entitlement to various concessions, because today these issues are related to receiving a pension.
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