Half of greenhouse gases discharged into the air in the European Union comes from the industry and energy. Here for years working emissions trading system, or ETS. The other 50 percent. emissions come from other areas, which are already in the EU terminology adopted a definition of non-ETS, ie those not covered by the scheme. In this group there is transportation, construction and agriculture.
Emissions trading is one of the instruments of the National Environmental Policy , which is usually used to reduce emissions. Its implementation is the implementation of the Kyoto Protocol (ed. Since the ratification of the 2004 Protocol by Russia became binding international law) and the obligations resulting from our membership in the European Union. At the same time he is regarded as one of the most market-based instruments for environmental protection.
The fight for goal
To achieve the EU’s objective, namely 40 percent. emission reduction by 2030 in a cost-effective, the EU plans to reduce emissions in non-ETS sectors by 30 per cent., and in the sectors covered by the ETS by 43 percent. compared to the base year 2005. While in the ETS sectors, the European Union has a common goal, in the non-ETS sectors, each member country has its own. And here I appeared regulatory package, which was presented the European Commission. It contains regulations on sectors such as transport, agriculture, construction and waste management.
The criterion for designation targets for individual countries has become the GDP per capita. In this way, the rich Sweden and Luxembourg will have to reduce emissions by 40 per cent., And the closing rate of Bulgaria will not have to cut anything. However, in the case of Polish reductions are estimated to be 7 per cent., As compared to other countries puts us in the group and the poorer and those that do not have overlapping so high expectations.
| Country | Purpose of the issue until 2030 | Country | Purpose of the issue until 2030 |
| Luxembourg | - 40% | Greece | -16% |
| Sweden | - 40% | Slovenia | -15% |
| Denmark | - 39% | Czech Republic | -14% |
| Finland | - 39% | Estonia | -13% |
| Great Britain | - 37% | Germany | -38% |
| France | - 37% | Poland | -7% |
| Netherlands | -37% | Slovakia | -12% |
| Belgium | -35% | Lithuania | -9% |
| Italy | -33% | Croatia | -7% |
| Austria | - 36% | Romania | -2% |
| Ireland | -thirty% | Bulgaria | 0% |
| Spain | -26% | ||
| Cyprus | -24% | ||
| malta | -19% | ||
| Portugal | -17% | ||
| Hungary | -7% | ||
ETS or what?
currently, the system covers carbon dioxide emissions from power plants and energy-intensive industrial sectors, as well as commercial lines air. Control was covered by the emission of nitrous oxide produced during the production of certain fatty acids and the greenhouse gas produced as a byproduct of the creation of aluminum.
Participation in the emissions trading scheme is compulsory for large industry, while in some sectors, this obligation applies only to industrial entities of a certain size.
adopted by the European Union emissions trading system operates on a “cap and trade”, which translates to “limit and sell.” Reducing – or limit – the upper limit allowable emissions of certain greenhouse gases that can be emitted by factories, power plants etc. The limit is gradually reduced from year to year, so as to lead to the assumed decline in emissions.
within that limit companies receive or purchase emission allowances, which they can trade with each other in accordance with their needs. After the end of each year, each operating within the scheme, a company must give the right amount sufficient powers to him so far to cover all its emissions, otherwise it will be imposed on him severe penalties. If, however, the company will reduce its emissions, then it can either retain part of its powers to cover its future needs or sell them to another company, which is the appropriate permissions does not have.
Polish Green a chance?
Poland for the first time will have to take such active measures to reduce emissions. In the non-ETS sectors, could so far increase emissions. According to the proposal of the Commission of the European countries in achieving the objectives they could benefit from a number of mechanisms, including the possibility of using credits from the forestry sector, what in Brussels sought the Polish government. More affluent countries could opt for a single transfer pot ETS allowances to non-ETS sectors, moreover, countries could trade among themselves achieved reductions. However, the flexibility of manipulation here is arbitrarily limited by the EC.
Polish government depended on the fact that Member States could to carry out part in the non-ETS by absorbing. This means in practice that Poland sought to it that the forest sector has been incorporated into the system. According to such a solution, the more a country of forests, the greater the copy of the order.
European Commission to He acceded to our demands, but I do not think so, to announce a stunning success. In the case of Polish size 7 percent. It may be in the best of circumstances decreased by 1.2 p.p. All this to give us a chance to emergency exit and at the same time force us to make an effort to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
ETS encourages competitiveness?
The International Energy Agency has analyzed what kinds of power plants will be built in the world in the perspective of the year 2040 . the analysis shows that there will be more and more fitness based on renewable energy sources. At the same time it is not just about Europe. In the RES also have to follow China and India, the economy has so far responsible for a huge share of global greenhouse gas emissions.
the growing demand for technologies that obtain their energy from renewable sources draw for Europe a good prospect. In the end, these technologies are in the EU for years strongly supported, both in terms of funding as well as political will. Thus, green policies the EU has finally pay off. Thanks to years of investment, today we can become a leader, eg. In the provision of technology. So at least the rhetoric dominates the EU, because the competitiveness of the European economy, tied to Green politics was often called into question.
the introduction of emission reductions to the area of non – ETS can bring quite a lot of changes in our daily lives. If suddenly we will try to reduce emissions in the transport and construction, the state will have to use, for example. Encouragement to the fact that citizens began to buy low-emission new cars including electric. In the construction industry created the need for technologies that reduce the loss of heat energy. For this purpose, to be also involved EU funds, eg. From Juncker plan.
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