If anyone thought that post-communism is behind us, they are wrong. Only you need to beat him. Travesty of one of the heroes of “Pulp Fiction”: post-communism back in a big way. At least, the impression can be applied, listening to politicians PiS. Jaroslaw Kaczynski , speaking at a meeting of clubs “Polish newspapers”, he said that it should be rejected. – This system’s weapons. It is defending itself because it has its internal and external profitentów who defend it in their own interest. Weapons also because it has a possibility of manipulation – said PiS leader and pointed out that in comparison to other post-communist countries are in a good situation. With the argument Jaroslaw Kaczynski that extends the concept of post-communism virtually the whole of the Third Republic. In a similar way he speaks on this topic Deputy Prime Minister Piotr Glinski. – The camp of the Third Republic, a coalition of communities grew up with communism, created wealth and personal career by, among others, enfranchisement of the nomenclature and inherited these sailors – said “Kropka over and” TVN 24. This allows you to extend the term not only the parties derived from the Polish People’s Republic, but also, in principle, most of the opposition, which opposes the governments of the PiS. – In a symbolic way I define Polish opposition as something that can be associated with the camp of the post-communist, because either institutions or individuals derived from those environments, the elite of post-communism, or those who support its action the interests of what is called Polish post-communist. And mentally, and hence genetically originate – stressed Deputy Glinski. So you do not have to actually be a beneficiary of change from the former system, you can simply this epithet catch.
In this way post-communist can be derived from the genuinely post-communist formations Vladimir Czarzasty, but also economist Ryszard Petru linked by a large part of his career with Leszek Balcerowicz, or Grzegorz Schetyna , PO leader, and before 1989. activist Fighting Solidarity and the Independent Students Association. – Parliament Speaker allowed the continuance systems, which were created on the basis of enfranchisement of the nomenclature in Poland. For eight years he ruled Schetyna and did not notice that he was involved in the breaking of interests, which are derived from post-communism – said Deputy Glinski.
As you can see, the new doctrine is very flexible and it provides that in order to be classified as a post-communists, you do not need to this formation belong, just in the eyes of politicians PiS be guilty of sins of omission fight against post-communism.
– Jaroslaw Kaczynski used diagrams which invented in the early 90s, when they are much more responsive to reality. In this sense, it can be considered a consequence. He says the same thing, what he said 25 years ago, but over the 25 years Poland has changed, and it is not so, that those who are the enemies of Justice, are post-communists. There are also, of course, post-communists. Vladimir Czarzasty was last march Code . But to say that this post-communists, this misunderstanding – says political scientist prof. Antoni Dudek.
Everything indicates that the PiS wants to add another meaning to the word post-communism. And these meanings, and so today is a good deal. Political scientist Raphael Matyja three points. The first is the issue of identity and appeal to the past resulting from the communist era. The second is a formal or informal arrangements, often economic, between people whose roots were embedded in the PRL, and that give tangible benefits and strong material or a share of power in independent Poland. Finally, is the name of the era in the political history of the country which has ceased to be a communist, or more broadly, the country belonging to the Soviet bloc, and has not yet become the West.
Is post-communism actually exist
Is the specter of post-communism actually circulates? People we talked to are against this theory skeptical. – Postcommunism include bad mechanisms of privatization, low valuation, the emergence of very wealthy people who have had prior links with the services. These are issues that I described as political capitalism still in the 90s Except that Polish is less contaminated by this phenomenon than Russia, which was full oligarchizacja. Post-communism, as a transition period before reaching the foundations of freedom, the rule of law and of Western civilization, is shrinking. But, unfortunately, we go back to the mentality of connecting wschodniość and zachodniość. It’s a certain type of mentality, which appeared in Russia before communism, and was taken over by him, and I just I call Bolshevism – highlights prof. Sociologist , which described the phenomenon of post-communism.
According to Antoni Dudek, although post-communism was actually strong in Poland more than a decade ago, today we have leftovers. – Post-Communism is not only a band, but also the remnants of the old regime, and they are still present in Poland in various areas of life – says political scientist. It indicates that comes to issues such as the naming of streets, but also very strong egalitarianism manifesting itself in an unwillingness to pay persons performing public functions decent salaries. – We remains of the post-communist in different areas of life. I see them in the strongest Polish mentality, although they are also in the institutional sphere. It was once the Ombudsman Irena Lipowicz noted that the structure of the government apparatus in Poland is worked out in the PRL and despite various changes of government center could not change that. An example of the dominant role of the minister of finance or the fact that the head of the Ministry of Health almost all the time is a doctor, although it should be an outstanding manager, because health care has problems with the management, so that the medical knowledge of the Minister is completely secondary – emphasizes Antoni Dudek.
on the occasion of points: the same biology makes post-communism as a formation is a phenomenon that needs to go away into the past. – There are different systems and układziki that they originate from that era, but I think that talking about the post-communist diagnosis is less and less current. Although invented for this recipe. In the form of departmental children – emphasizes Antoni Dudek.
Also, according to political scientist Dr. hab. Rafal Chwedoruk difficult today to talk about the post-communist as an important phenomenon. – For whom is the former esbek , who is director of the community center parking lot (which apparently is often the case) against the director of an international bank with a budget comparable with the budget of many countries. These structures have ceased to exist. What are the travel agencies linked with the Association of Polish Students on the deregulated market of tourist services? In the case of acquisition of 60 percent. the banking sector in Poland, a bank with a pedigree nomenklatura is a subordinate player – notes Chwedoruk. He adds that proof of the twilight of this phenomenon is the lack of major Russian players in the Polish economy. The Russians are playing a large role in the trade in raw materials. But this external role, because hardly be regarded as counting the presence of the station company Lukoil.
How are born and when
Origins of post-communism can look yet in the mid 80s Maybe even in times of Yuri Andropov, when the Kremlin began to give birth to the belief that the Soviet system will have to be fundamentally changed, but so that the Soviet elite do not lose power. A similar scenario was to be played in the satellite countries. Lord of the Kremlin wanted to carry out the operation, which went then to China – depressurised system and improve the economic situation, but did not lose power. This idea fell on fertile ground in Poland. The reason was simple. – In Poland, communism experienced a state of emergency and the opposition since the fall of 1980. While at this time, for example. The Czech Communists sweetly asleep. It is meant to run better selection processes, which flowed political talents such as Leszek Miller and Kwasniewski . Compared with the average apparatchik from the 80s are outstanding figures and example. In the Czech Republic one such was not because Husak ruled there until the end – noted political scientist Raphael Matyja. He added that this came two more events: a result of a confrontation with Solidarity rapidly expanded the army, police and security forces of the army of secret collaborators. Accumulated knowledge of political opponents, which could be used then to the current competition. On the other hand, a large part of the people of the camp of power, often associated with special services began to be active in business. The phenomenon gained momentum after coming to power, Mieczyslaw Rakowski, especially after the adoption of the law Wilczek. In 1989. It turned out that the scenario of slow acceptance of the opposition to power did not work out. It was established the government of Tadeusz Mazowiecki. They began to change. People affiliated with the ruling camp had a big advantage at the start. Opposition – and in business, and in politics – lacked wealth and knowledge, while often focused on tertiary things.
– People old system knew the exercise of power. This is not a sophisticated skill, but you can imagine the difference between someone who is 30 years playing in ruling people and knows how to organize resources often not even intuitively, and someone who is 20 or 30 years in the opposition newspaper writes. The advantage was huge and difficult to compensate. Symbolic was that for the majority of right-wing structures have fax and photocopying it were great achievements, and SLD has premises throughout the country. In most provincial cities they acquired assets, assumed the company. The post-communists have the advantage in material resources – emphasizes Rafał Matyja. In this way he was born the system transition between what was before 1989., And the West, which aimed Polish system, the beneficiaries of which were largely’s post-communists.
– Post-Communism, including phenomena such as political capitalism, was the rotten form, but at the same time prevented the bloodshed, because the nomenclature has gained interest in change. It spared drastic events. It seemed that he would end the entry into capitalism , which will weaken these processes and the entry into the EU will make it easier. People wanted this to weaken the arbitrariness of power – Sociologist notes.
But in the early 90s political power and economic post-communist camp grew. They facilitated this discord in the camp of solidarity, which resulted in “guillotined” in the 1993 elections. Center-right party. – The apogee of these influences was during the rule of the SLD and President Kwasniewski, ie 1993-2005. Of course, a government Buzek, but he was blocked by Kwasniewski, as evidenced by the fact that 28 presidential even managed to overthrow the only one on the appointment of IPN (thanks PSL). It shows the strength of this system – emphasizes prof. Antoni Dudek.
It is significant that the SLD had its share of two historic decisions: to enter NATO and the European Union. Although the success of the post-communist formations were embedded the seeds of disaster. Our callers are generally agree that the beginning of the end of post-Communist was Rywin affair.
– then snapped a way of doing business, doing things. The consequence was the defeat – notes Rafał Matyja. No repentance and haughty approach to scandals such as Rywin, orlenowska or starachowicka and rough friendship leaders of the post-communist left-wing SLD launched a process of disintegration. The collapse of the formation also coincided with a reduction in the economic role of post-communist structures. – Post-communism played a role as an intermediary and distributor of assets, which in the context of globalization came into the circle of the international market, – emphasizes Rafał Chwedoruk.
But it is precisely the international markets caused, the importance of post-communism decreased. Privatization meant that centers disposition of many companies relocate abroad. On the other hand, a slowdown in the privatization of the PiS, and then – after a temporary recovery – also by PO increased the role of state-owned companies, which controls the government. – The reference to the 2010 campaign. And the Tusk , and by Jaroslaw Kaczynski to as Edward Gierek was the funeral of post-communism. You can travesty famous question Joanna Szczepkowska that then ended up in Poland, post-communism – notes Rafał Chwedoruk.
Post-Communism in the service of Justice
Law and Justice not only does not agree with this diagnosis. It has quite the opposite. From the quoted statement that he is one of the main threats that he wants to fight the party. Our respondents generally believe that it is mainly a question of political rhetoric. – This completely changed the meaning of the word. It became one of the political insults, such as the word Main Gauche, which in the nomenclature of the Military Political Academy them. Felix Dzerzhinsky meant Trotskyists, anarchists, etc., and today is picking in principle in any discussion. Similarly with the word post-communist – emphasizes Rafał Chwedoruk.
It is possible that the PiS looking for a key word, which can determine all of their opponents, on the one hand the liberals, but left or center. It’s hard to put all into one bag. But if you take the optics that they are the defenders of the Third Republic and the beneficiaries of the transformation, and the PiS is an advocate of those who did not benefit changes – the narrative is gaining political importance. Not so much at the level of description of the situation as in the political struggle. – Today when Kaczynski talks about the post-communist rebellion, stigmatize political opponents . It uses language that was relevant 25 years ago, but fewer understand the reality that surrounds him at the end of the second decade of the twenty-first century. This is a problem that will grow – says Antoni Dudek.
The same batch of post-communism stigmatizing and ejecting it to the foreground can succeed. – To provide easy identification. Today, the fight against post-communism does not require courage or financial risk. By the way, it is compensation for the many people who could participate in the anti-communist opposition in the Polish People’s Republic, and did not do that. This kind of anti-communism after years, which is the compensation for their negligence – emphasizes Rafał Matyja and recalls that although the scale is different, in Germany, a major anti-fascist movement was founded thirty years after the war, and not immediately after.
According to Jadwiga Staniszkis can also go for more practical purposes. – Speaking today at the post-communist rather way to intimidate for example. Solorz, owner of Polsat than real justice investigation. While these abuses were possible, because the law treated as an instrument of power and interests. And if the same law applies today, the state destroys the same, albeit in a different order – emphasizes Staniszkis.
The professor is critical of the actions Jaroslaw Kaczynski’s party and its opinion the real danger lies elsewhere than preach PiS politicians. – Postcommunism shrunk, because it increased the area of quasi-communism. It’s a matter Bolshevik mentality I’m talking about, that is the dream of transforming the society by the conflict, putting the will of the instrumental application of the law. What was typical of Communism: reject today’s empirical arguments for the sake of the future, which is going to happen. Putting on the power, not the state, where the continuous reorganization and accompanying arbitrariness become a source of power at the expense of predictable management. It was deeply rooted in the communist ideology, and now reborn this type of mentality is based on the concept of control, and this is more than in recent years, during the period of post-communism – warns Staniszkis.
According to the most well-known researcher of this phenomenon course, I chose PiS can have an impact not only on us but also on neighboring countries. – It seemed that we were on the axis approaches the West. And it turned out that the proportions of the East-West in our functioning showed the eastern part. It’s annoying and disturbing especially for all the countries of our region, also for the part of the Russians, who see that uzachodnienie fails, the attempt to correct the pathology of post-communism is pushing us back toward the east. Bo goes to the shortcut path marked out by the Bolshevik mentality. And this is a mistake. It isolates us not even in the EU. The community is confused. In contrast, the countries of Central and Eastern Europe is indeed a shock that this could happen in Poland – sums up Staniszkis.
Post-Communism, as a transition period before reaching the foundations of freedom, the rule of law and of Western civilization, is shrinking. But, unfortunately, we go back to the mentality of connecting wschodniość and zachodniość. It’s a certain type of mentality, which appeared in Russia before communism, and was taken over by him, and I just I call Bolshevism – emphasizes prof. Sociologist
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