Among the historians who deal with the sometimes slow, haunting anecdote about a workman from the Krakow Steelworks. Lenin. When the foreman slowed him on compulsory leave, he began to beg, he was told not to come away from work. “But I was working perfectly well” – he lamented. And even if this particular worker never existed, the story perfectly captures how exotic idea until recently had time off from work. Widespread holidays are with us less than a hundred years. And as shown by current trends, is nowhere said that will be forever.
What to do with the free days
Across Europe the right to paid vacation has become one of the most important achievements of the period after the First World War. When the Socialists to seek a government, regulated working hours and introduced legislation leaves. In Poland, the first real vacation workers and intellectuals guaranteed Act introduced by the Seym in 1922. Signed by Marshal Wojciech Trąmpczyńskiego act established the free employees have an employment contract, these provisions include establishments that employ more than four people. For employees, industry, hospitals, miners or drivers who worked in the company at least a year, they were introduced eight-day holiday. After three years of work were purchased pursuant to the Act entitled to a 15-day labs. Even better were working mentally. You acquire the right to two weeks’ vacation after six months of uninterrupted work. After a year they have a month’s leave.
Create lists of holiday was a great event in enterprises. In the process, they had to take part the representatives of the employees. Any change in accordance with Regulation minister of labor, required the consent of the worker, which concerned. For non-compliance with the provisions of the Law introducing entrepreneurs punishable holidays. That is why even in 1922. Begged list of exceptions where workers holiday will be moved to the time between October and December. The exception concerned inter alia the people who produce cement, lime and brick, repaired the farm, as well as employees spas and confectioneries. It is worth mentioning that paid leave is not entitled to farmers.
Polish constitution gave one of the most modern solutions in Europe. To the west of paid leave they began to seek barely a decade earlier. In 1910,. A group of Dutch workers took to the streets and demanded that week paid leave per year. Employers were afraid of riots and agreed to give him. After the First World War, British did the same thing. In 1936,. A two-week paid leave given to all the French.
With paid leave workers did not use as we do today. The poor were left at home or tried to take leave during part-time job. However, if the entrepreneur discovered that his leave of absence employee toil, receive him the right to be paid for the time when he was not in the works.
trips were pastime for the rich. In this respect, moreover, little changed from previous centuries. For the first tourist was in the Tatras are considered to Beata, Princess Grace of Kościeliskich. In 1565. She went along with his court in the Snowy Mountains – as it was then called the highest Polish massif. The aim of the trip was probably Kieżmarska Valley. 112 years later, Snow White had to stand Michal Kazimierz Radziwill. In turn, Babia Gora and Lomnicky Peak climbing Stanislaw Staszic. At the same time, the mayor of nearby Karlovo Franz introduced the Pabel located in the Table Mountains Szczeliniec King of Prussia, Frederick William III. This granted him the title of the first in Prussia tourist guide. Up visit later among other things, Wolfgang von Goethe.
Leisure Time remaining sections of society marked mainly religious holidays. In the Middle Ages there were more than 190, then the number gradually decreased.
Manage rest
“Polish society did not have the great holiday traditions. Society was largely agrarian, less urbanized, with a low percentage of educated people and – simply said – the poor. Active use of leisure time, especially when we are talking about outbound tourism, it is possible only when they are the money and knowledge “- said in an interview for” IPN Bulletin “Paul Sowiński, author of the monograph” Holidays in People’s Poland. Policy and tourist traffic authorities 1945-1989 “. Not surprisingly, the mass migrations holiday began only with the Polish People’s Republic. For homo Sovieticus rest had to be because part of socialization in the body. And so it used the state – in holiday camps belonged to everyday life even political readings.
Manage recreation worker for the communists was so important that even entered vacation to the Constitution of 1952. “Citizens Polish People’s Republic have the right to rest “- proclaimed art. 59. A subsequent paragraphs sanctioned not just a vacation, but also the eight-hour working day. You undertook in the Constitution also to the organization of holidays, spas and tourism development, as well as “houses of culture, clubs, community centers, parks and other leisure posing and cultural opportunities for healthy recreation to an increasing number of working people of town and country.”
symbol of those times was established in 1949. Employee Holiday Fund, which is managed recreation centers throughout the country. The establishment of the parliament was to surrender to state board of leisure time. FPW organized individual stays, family, sightseeing, and even seven-day holiday in Warsaw for workers in small towns or trips to Głuchołazy tuberculosis, Szklarska Poreba and Śródborów. From FPW it depends not only whether the center will exist, but also whether the worker will go to him. The company gave employees a promise – a kind of permission to leave. In 1950. FPW centers benefited 500 thousand. Poles, in 1979 – 603 thousand.
You also monopolized youth trips. In 1975. With organized by workplaces rest benefited 8.5 million children. For comparison: on-site holiday packages benefited from the 3.7 million Poles.
Initially, workers at state holiday did not want to leave. How steelworker from anecdotes. The reasons were embedded even in the fact that the latest had no money. It was more of a sense of shame. As explained in “IPN Bulletin” Sowiński: “Many people felt no need to rest away from home. Others leave with the desire przeznaczyliby for additional work. When the worker after 11-month working in a steel mill or underground in the mine came the latest, first he slept for four days. Then I would sit on the porch, poleżakować, but to walk in the mountains – it’s not. He had no clothes anyway to walk in the mountains, came often in a suit and shoes (if you had), because it seemed to him that he had to show, because there will be intelligence “. Many workers spent their holidays so just at home or in family allotments.
Nobody has time for holidays
The political transformation buried Holiday Fund Supervisors (conditions for its acquisition remain unclear even today, the company operates now), and with it also stays organized with workplaces. They were replaced by all-inclusive trips to Tunisia and Egypt. A survey conducted in 2014. By Ipsos sondażownię however, shows that as many as 62 per cent. of us can not afford any holiday trips (trip outside the place of residence for even a week). This means that although our 26 days we are at the forefront when it comes to the length of paid leave, in fact we do not have how to use it.
We are not the only ones. In the United States leave is 12 days per year. Even so, fewer and fewer people it gets – as had estimated the Center for Economic and Policy Research, one in four workers does not have such a right. Mainly in terms of people employed part-time and temporary contracts, as well as employees smallest companies. Such a fate may wait as Polish workers. According to Eurostat, in European countries the proportion of workers in the age group 15-64 who performed his core work part-time, up from 16 percent. in 2003. to 19.5 per cent. in 2013. In Poland, every fourth employee was working on a contract for a specified period. Every tenth – part-time. 9 percent. of us are employed on contracts of civil law – is approx. 1.2 million workers. And the younger age group to look at, the worse it gets. Among young people aged 15-25 27 per cent. It unemployed people in general. Poland has one of the highest proportions of non-learning, nieposzerzających qualifications and unemployed (ie. NEETs). In such conditions of leave can not be said.
overworked parents are increasingly doubt on free, which are their children. This school year was over 170 days – including vacation, holidays and winter holidays. In the meantime, each school pitched in with the students after a few days of each other, especially during exams or between holidays and weekends. In particular, the question of a break around Christmas and New Year’s Eve raised questions from parents – children left without school for nearly two weeks: lessons ended December 19, returned to her until January 7. During this time, many schools simply gave teachers free. Long vacation outraged parents, who are free in much less than their children. In response, the Minister of Education has published on the ministry letter inviting to inform the Ministry about the schools that do not organize care for children in the Christmas break. Teachers protested, but many parents she was grateful.
Summer Long
At the end of June issue of student holidays too long returns like a boomerang. Every time we find that holiday that is scheduled for the circumstance required the involvement of children in field work, now on vacation does not necessarily fit into the reality of parents who admittedly orają, but rather in the mold of corporations than on. Teachers explain, however, that the vacation little can be done, because for two months of summer holidays is simply too warm to conduct classes. And our schools are not and probably will not air conditioned.
Besides, here we are record holders in Europe. Polish students in year 13 weeks vacation formally. The French, Latvians and Lithuanians give their students three weeks more. Same vacation last nine weeks, and for this there are the winter holidays, autumn and spring, as well as New Year’s break. 16 weeks labs provide students with Iceland, 15 weeks – Belgium, Finland and Hungary, and 14 weeks a year – Spain, Ireland and Greece. Less than ours just relax small Slovaks and Danes.
However, this might not be the end of problems with holidays. Tourist municipalities of the north Polish from time to time make overtures to enter the country on a holiday tour – as is the case for winter. Excursions were to begin in late June and end in mid-September. How argue spa town and tourist united in the Association of Polish Cities, such a solution would be a lot of profits tourism.
For the time being does not agree to this Minister Joanna Kluzik-Rostkowska. A spokeswoman for the ministry, responding to the request, asked: – Who would have to take care of the children during the long vacation? Parents have a limited number of days of leave, which must plan in order to arrange child care and the winter holidays and the summer holidays. Charter designates rigidly teacher while teachers working days. Do local governments would be ready to pay for childcare associated with extended holidays?
To this question the answer is not crashed.
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